The Halachot and History of the Three Weeks

Chapter 16: Eating Meat and Drinking Wine

1. a. We do not eat meat, poultry, or drink wine during the Nine Days because these things signify festivity and happiness.

b. Even the fat from meat or poultry may not be eaten; as well as anything cooked with meat or poultry.

c. It is permissible to eat something that was cooked in a meat pot — even a pot that was used the same day to prepare meat.

2. a. Meat and poultry are permitted on Shabbat of the Nine Days and Rosh Hodesh. The meat may be eaten at Seudat Shelishit and Melaveh Malkah until the fourth hour, after Shabbat. However, one should not deliberately prepare extra meat for Melaveh Malkah.

b. It is permissible to taste the food on erev Shabbat while it is being prepared because it is an honor for Shabbat to taste the food beforehand.

c. If a doctor tells an individual that he must eat meat, that individual should consult a Rabbi.

3. Children (who have reached the age for hinuch) are also included in the prohibition of not eating meat. A Rabbi should be consulted if there is a problem with a child who is weak.

4. a. In the event that there is a Seudat Mitzvah during the Nine Days, such as a Brit, Pidyon Haben, Bar Mitzvah, or a Siyum (see specifics of number 5) it is permissible to eat meat and drink wine.

b. Only those participants in the Seudat Mitzvah who are relatives and friends may eat meat. However, an outsider who would not have ordinarily come to this individual’s simhah during the rest of the year, may not partake of the meat. 

c. An individual who did not attend the Seudat Mitzvah may not have someone bring meat home for him to eat the meat later on.

d. In the week of Tishah B’Av only ten people in addition to the relatives may partake of meat at a Seudat Mitzvah. The other guests should eat only dairy.

5. Regarding a Seudat Mitzvah for a Siyum the following criteria apply:

a. If the individual does not usually make a seudah for a Siyum during the year he may not do so during the Nine Days.

b. The invited guests are those who would participate in the Siyum Seudah no matter when it was held during the year.

c. One should not stretch out his learning of the entire tractate so as to finish by Rosh Hodesh and make a Seudat Mitzvah. Additionally, he should not rush his learning in order to make a siyum during the Nine Days. Also, he may not deliberately leave one small portion for this time if he finished learning the rest at an earlier time.

d. He must understand what he learned in order to be able to make a siyum and a Seudat Mitzvah. A siyum on a Gemara, a Seder (complete order) of Mishnah, or a complete book of Tanach that was learned in depth using commentaries of Rishonim, all qualify as sources for a siyum and Seudat Mitzvah. — All the participants at such a siyum may eat meat. However, at a siyum made for a tractate of the Mishnah, only the one who learned it may eat meat at the seudah and the other participants may only eat dairy.

6. a. We do not drink wine during the Nine Days. 

b. Whiskey and beer are permitted.

c. For purposes of a mitzvah, e.g. Havdalah, wine is permitted. He is allowed to drink even more than a ri’viit (3 oz.).

d. Wine is permitted on Shabbat and Rosh Hodesh, especially for the kos of Bircat Hamazon.

e. On weekdays, however, Bircat Hamazon is not recited over a cup of wine.

7. a. One may not make or attend a festive meal during the Three Weeks. 

b. Only a seudah for a mitzvah e.g. Brit Milah, Pidyon HaBen, Bar Mitzvah, etc. which occurs during this period is permitted. 

c. Even though it is permitted to get engaged during the entire Nine Days, it is prohibited to make a festive meal in honor of the engagement because it brings much happiness. However, cake, pastries and the like are permitted (without dancing and music).